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Contraceptives Table

Type of Contraception

How does it work?

Side effects, risks, or contraindications

Benefits

Notes

Hormonal: Estrogen and Progesterone

1.) Combination Oral Contraceptive (pills)

2.) Transdermal Patch

3.) Vaginal Ring

(NuvaRing) disposable

(Annovera) re-usable

Hormonal: Progesterone only:

1.) Progestin only oral contraceptive pill (Mini-pill)

2.) Injection (Depo- Provera)

3.) Implant (Nexplanon)

4.) Progesterone IUD (Mirena, Skyla, Kyleena

Depo-Provera suppresses ovulation, preventing the ovaries from releasing the egg. Also, it thickens cervical mucus to block sperm from reaching the egg for fertilization and changes uterine lining to prevent the attachment of the fertilized egg.

The injection works between 12 to 14 weeks and to get full protection and should be given after every 12 weeks or no longer than 13 weeks (Mayo Clinic, 2020).

Most of the people who are injected with Depo-Provera experience changes of periods such as bleeding more days, period stop, and experience spotting between the periods. Other possible side effects include weight gain, nausea, headache, depression, and sore breast. A Depo-Provera shot may reduce bone density, delay fertility return, and does not prevent sexually transmitted diseases (Khadilkar, 2018). It also increases the risk of osteoporosis (Hadji et al., 2019).

Depo-Provera prevents unintended pregnancy and may help to manage menstrual cycle-related conditions. Second, it eliminates sex interruption for contraception or use of an unreliable method such as withdrawal. Third, Depo-Provera provides long-term prevention as long as after three months an individual gets the shot (Zerihun et al., 2019). Fourth, it is a birth control method applied without using estrogen. Fifth, it may lower the risk of endometrial cancer. Sixth, it is effective with no need to remember to use it every day. Lastly, it makes menstrual flow less painful, lighter and stops menstruation in some cases.

1

Depo-Provera is a birth control method for women. It is a medroxyprogesterone hormone that is similar to female natural progesterone hormone. Delay in getting the shot increases the chances of getting pregnant. When planning to get pregnant, a person should stop taking Depo-Provera several months before. The shot should not be taken with conditions such as breast cancer, heart, kidney, or liver illness. Also, an individual with a history of stroke or heart attack and high blood pressure should avoid taking Dope-Provera (Mayo Clinic, 2020).

Emergency Contraception:

1.) Plan B

2.) Copper IUD (ParaGard)

Barriers:

1.) Condom: (male and female)

2.) Diaphragm

3.) Cervical Cap

4.) Sponge

Behavioral: Fertility Awareness-Based Methods: 1.) Cervical mucous ovulation method

2.) Basal body temperature

3.) Symptothermal:

4,) Standard days

.

Permanent Sterilization: 1.) tubal ligation

2.) transcervical

3.) vasectomy

References

Hadji, P., Colli, E., & Regidor, P. A. (2019). Bone health in estrogen-free contraception. Osteoporosis International, 30(12), 2391–2400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-019-05103-6

Khadilkar S. S. (2018). Short-term use of injectable contraception: an effective strategy for safe motherhood. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Of India, 68(2), 82–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-017-1029-9

Mayo Clinic. (2020, January 14). Depo-Provera (contraceptive injection). https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/depo-provera/about/pac-20392204

Zerihun, M. F., Malik, T., Ferede, Y. M., Bekele, T., & Yeshaw, Y. (2019). Changes in body weight and blood pressure among women using Depo-Provera injection in Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Research Notes, 12(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4555-y

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